HTML is the markup language for encoding Web pages. It was designed by the British scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee at the CERN nuclear physics laboratory in Switzerland during the 1980s. HTML markup tags specify document elements such as headings, paragraphs, and tables.

Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language such as HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript. CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content, including layout, colors, and fonts.

JavaScript runs on the client side of the web, which can be used to design / program how the web pages behave on the occurrence of an event. JavaScript is an easy to learn and also powerful scripting language, widely used for controlling web page behavior.

Bootstrap is a free and open-source CSS framework directed at responsive, mobile-first front-end web development. It contains CSS - and (optionally) JavaScript -based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, navigation, and other interface components.